Chikungunya

Transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, the same species that spread dengue and Zika. Daytime biters.

Symptoms

Sudden onset of fever and severe joint pain, often in hands and feet. Headache, muscle pain, rash. Joint pain may persist for months.

Treatment

No specific antiviral. Supportive care with rest, fluids, and analgesics (paracetamol). Avoid aspirin until dengue is ruled out.

Endemic regions

Africa, Asia, the Indian subcontinent, parts of Europe, and the Americas. Rapidly expanding geographic range.

Prevention & prophylaxis

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Ixchiq (live attenuated vaccine)

FDA-approved for adults ≥18 traveling to endemic areas. Single dose. Contains live virus — contraindicated in immunocompromised individuals and pregnancy. Most common side effects: headache, fatigue, muscle/joint pain.

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Daytime mosquito avoidance

Same Aedes vectors as dengue — bite during the day. Use DEET or Picaridin repellent. Wear long sleeves and pants. Use screens and air conditioning.